Do not add unpublished materials (oral, written, or email-based personal communications or papers not yet accepted for publication).Only one publication can be listed for each reference number.The numbering used must match the in-text citations. List references in numerical order at the end of the manuscript using MS Word's numbered list function (1., 2., 3.Separate consecutive citations using a hyphen (eg, ).Cite in-text references in square brackets in numerical order of their appearance in the manuscript (eg, ,).If your paper is in copyediting, please consult What is the RefCheck process for authors? (copyediting step 2b). This article provides pre-submission guidelines that can also be used shortly before revisions are submitted around the time of acceptance. In order for our system to recognize in-text citations and for our reference software, RefCheck, to complete its automated processes, specific formatting must be applied.

JMIR Publications has developed proprietary software (OrangeX) and a unique production process where, during copyediting, all references are extracted from the manuscript file, parsed, matched against various online databases (eg, PubMed and CrossRef), and automatically corrected.

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